What is the role of articular cartilage?

• A. Provides a rigid, mineralized surface to resist wear.
• B. Anchors ligaments to bone.
• C. Connects bones to bones to limit movement.
• D. Provides a smooth, low-friction surface for joint movement and reduces wear on bones.

Answer: (D)

Articular cartilage covers the ends of bones in joints and is specialized to keep movement smooth and efficient. Its primary job is to provide a smooth, low-friction surface that allows bones to glide past one another and to help distribute and cushion loads during motion, which significantly reduces wear on the bone surfaces. The cartilage achieves this with a hydrated matrix rich in proteoglycans and type II collagen, and it relies on synovial fluid for nutrition and lubrication because it is avascular. This role is distinct from a rigid mineralized surface (bone), from anchoring ligaments (that’s connective tissue attachments), or from connecting bones to limit movement (that’s the function of ligaments and joint capsules).